The Effects Of Postpartum Depression In The Yellow Wallpaper

Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, is a short story, published in the late 1800s, about one woman’s descent to madness. Finding herself plagued with postpartum depression after the birth of her son, the narrator’s ailment is overlooked by everyone around her. Her husband, â€Å"...a physician of high standing..† (Gilman) describes the narrator’s illness as â€Å"temporary nervous depression...a slight hysterical tendency.† Her brother and male doctor, also agree with this diagnosis and because so, the narrator is forced to go through a rather peculiar treatment plan that was commonly practiced on women who were considered hysterical during that time period. Considered a societal norm this treatment plan, created by the dominate male,†¦show more content†¦In the beginning of her loggings, the narrator explains that she disagrees with her husband, brother and doctor’s idea of treatment, and states, â €Å"Personally, I believe that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me good,† (Gilman). She follows this statement with the question, â€Å"But what is one to do?† Clearly influenced by male oppression and ideals of women, the narrator herself believes that she is unable to follow her own wishes to better her health and overall state of mind. Her only rebellion is in the form of her writing---a creative outlet that is unwanted by her husband as it is a mental stimulation and considered work. Though she is in fear of being caught, she still writes. She believes that it would be easier to stop, so that she doesn’t have to be go Sanchez 3 through drastic lengths to hide it. She explains her husband doesn’t allow her to do anything without â€Å"special instruction.† She is not even allowed to pick her own room, and instead is instructed to sleep in a â€Å"nursery at the top of the house†. This nursery room comes fully equipped with barred windows and a bedstead that is nailed to the floor. It is also in this bedroom that she is met with the infamous yellow wallpaper. Paula A. Treichler, of the University of Illinois, explains that the yellow wallpaper, â€Å"... represent(s) (among other things) the ‘pattern’ which underliesShow MoreRelatedYellow: The Color of Postpartum Depression854 Words   |  3 PagesWomen have long felt the emotional, psychological and physical effects of child bearing. Before modern medicine, these mental struggles were said to be nothing more than nervousness. In The Yellow Wallpaper a short story by Charlotte Perkins Gillman, the narrator is a young woman who has recently given birth, during the late 19th century. After giving birth she has fallen victim of postpartum depression. When a woman becomes pregnant her body immediately starts to produce hormones in excess. TheseRead MoreThe Impact Of Postpartum Depression In The Yellow Wallpaper1215 Words   |  5 Pagesthe current time period. For instance, in â€Å"The Yellow Wal lpaper† by Charlotte Gilman the story deals with the issue of postpartum depression in new mothers. While postpartum depression is still a very real and current topic in today’s society. Current society handles the issue differently than when the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written. The difference in modern day and past society is contributed to the increasing knowledge of postpartum depression that has led to a new view for society, improvedRead MoreYellow Wallpaper and Postpartum Depression711 Words   |  3 PagesPostpartum Depression In the short story. The Yellow Wallpaper written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, we are introduced to a woman, the narrator, who suffers from postpartum depression, a disorder in women that results from childbirth. This disorder can have serious effects on the individual and may result in extreme behaviors such as suicide. (Mahoney 1) The narrator of the story is symbolic of Gilman, as she had experienced this illness after the birth of her daughter. (Gilman 181) PostpartumRead MoreEffects of the Lack of Power and Control in Female Patients700 Words   |  3 PagesEffects of the Lack of Power and Control in Female Patients In the late 19th century, many women were diagnosed with insanity, dementia, and other mental disorders. Although a large portion of these diagnoses were accurate, many of the female patients were mishandled and given the wrong prescriptions. Some treatments included locking patients in an empty room and forcing them to take medicine that either had no effect, or exacerbated the situation. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† by Charlotte Perkins GilmanRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesPostpartum depression has the following symptoms: paranoia, hallucination, and sleep troubles. However, back when the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the late nineteenth century postpartum had a different name which was insanity of pregnancy/ lactation. During the story the narrator notices a woman in the wallpaper and starts to think someone is on the other side. As soon as that happens the hallucinat ions start and the narrator s imagination starts to wander. WhenRead MoreThe Struggle For Sanity By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1528 Words   |  7 Pages The Struggle for Sanity The Narrator, Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Short Story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† has been one of the most scrutinized pieces of literature. Critics have analyzed it from various perspectives including feminist, anti-feminist, psychological to clinical. Some even claim the narrator’s work as an early feminist indictment of Victorian patriarchy. The Yellow Wallpaper is a short story about the narrator’s life experience afflicted with a depressive episode since adolescenceRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Katherine Perkins Gilman And Ms. Brill1206 Words   |  5 Pagesthat most affect people. Loneliness is about feeling disconnected from the rest of the world. Being isolated have a negative impact on society, but it will also have a negative impact on the person being isolated. The two short stories, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and â€Å"Ms. Brill† by Katherine Mansfield focuses on the way two women experience loneliness, isolation, and social expectation in their society. Social expectations may hold back women from achieving their fullest potentialRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman846 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are flawed individuals. Although flaws can be bad, people learn and grow from the mistakes made. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, gives one a true look at using flaws to help one grow. Gilman gives her readerâ€℠¢s a glimpse into what her life would have consisted of for a period of time in her life. Women were of little importance other than to clean the house and to reproduce. This story intertwines the reality of what the lives of woman who were considered toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins1246 Words   |  5 Pages Women were trapped as the roles of wife and mother. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† Charlotte Perkins gives us jane, the main character who suffers from nervous depression. Jane’s husband John, has instructed that she must stay on the top room of the house. This treatment starts to make her mad, and starts to go crazy being locked up by herself. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper talks about the society of women and illness. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† talks about a woman named Jane, who just moved into a new houseRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1496 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen beaten, verbally abused, and taught to believe they have no purpose in life other than pleasing a man. Charlotte Perkins Gillam uses her short story, The Yellow Wallpaper as a weapon to help break down the walls surrounding women, society has put up. This story depicts the life of a young woman struggling with postpartum depression, whose serious illness is overlooked, by her physician husband, because of her gender. Gillman s writing expresses the feelings of isolation, disregarded, and

Cosmetic Surgery on Teenagers - 1077 Words

Teenagers and Comsetic Surgery Joyce Jenkins Com 150 May 30, 2010 Angela Robles Teenagers and Cosmetic Surgery In our society today, what our bodies look like is a big money making thing. Therefore, being a teenager and have plenty of money brings us to having cosmetic surgery done to our beautiful bodies. The three factors that teens should consider when getting cosmetic surgery are peer pressure, the credentials and reputation of the doctor and finally the cost. The peer pressure that teenagers face in today society is very hardcore subject for them to deal with. The teenagers in high school see their classmate’s styles and the high price fashions. The cars they drive to school and the expense jewels. They see their best†¦show more content†¦There are teens getting cosmetic surgery at a young age and their body is not completely developed. I had did some research on the human body, the human body is fully developed around the age of 25. Although teen make up 2 percent of cosmetic surgery patients in the United States, these have increased, according to the American Society of Plastic (ASPS). The number procedures performed on kids to 19 nearly doubled to 244,124 (including about 47,000 nose jobs and 9,000 breast augmentations) from 2002 to 2006. The finally cost of these procedures is very expensive to the insurance companies. The price scale begins at 2,000 dollars to 100’of thousand of dollars. Most people cannot afford to have these surgeries done. Teenager go looking for a doctor who just want to make money and no questions ask after they perform the surgery and they disappear from the areas in matter of few months. The insurance companies out of the money and the parents cannot fine the doctor. The law enforcement have to investigate the complaints and look for the doctor to turn up some else. The FBI get involved and the search continue the United States and foreign countries too. The teenagers still try to have surgery done and look for other way to get the money and doctors to do the surgeries. The peer pressures are still there and will always be there for them to face and deal with in every day manner. In this busy society, there will always be another doctor to continue toShow MoreRelatedTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery1573 Words   |  6 Pagesmany teenagers. As a result, teenagers from all around the world who are insecure concerning their appearances are more likely to have cosmetic surgery to blend in, to avoid peer harassments, and to stop further inner torments. Keep in mind that plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery are different even though both surgeries are used to fix someone’s physical body. Plastic surgery are used to mend looks that are ruined due to terrible accidents, and is pay by insurance, while cosmetic surgery are usedRead MoreTeenagers and Cosmetic Surgery2278 Words   |  10 PagesSince the year 2007, 1,339,229 cosmetic surgeries have been performed on the age group of 13-19. In a world where people are judged by their physical appearance, it is common for teenagers to be uncomfortable with their bodies. As a way of conforming to society’s image of physical perfection, more and more teenagers are turning to cosmetic surgery as a solution. The purpose for this paper is to make the problems of teenagers having cosmetic surgery, in order to physically change themselves toRead MoreCosmetic Surgery : Plastic Surgery And Teenagers2046 Words   |  9 PagesAccording to â€Å"Plastic Surgery Teenagers†, â€Å"teenagers who want to have plastic surgery usually have different motivations and goals than adults† (â€Å"Plastic Surgery For Teenagers Briefing Paper†). Thus, meaning that most young adults get cosmetic surgery, which is the reshaping of body parts to improve their physical characteristics. However, changing your physical appearance just because you want to or do not feel pretty enough should not be the case of spending all that money and time on a non-maturedRead MoreCosmetic Surgery on Teenagers Essay902 Words   |  4 Pages1. In the first two texts there are numerous views concerning adolescent cosmetic surgery. Among these views are, for example, Diana Zuckerman, president of the National Research Center for Women and Families, whom are mentioned in both texts. As she is quoted in the second text , Seeking Self-Esteem Through Surgery, an article by Camille Sweeney, posted on New York Times website, January 15 anno 2009, â€Å"They may not be any happier with their new look, then what?†. Said quote depicts quite wellRead MoreShould Teenagers Undergo Elective Cosmetic Surgery?1865 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Plastic surgery is an option for everyone, but it is never a necessity†. As confirmed by many surgeons in the field of cosmetic based procedures, most of the patients seeking purely beauty care see enhancing their physical appearance as the only, or at least the best, fix for the destructive problems they face, such as harassment or personal insecurities. These thoughts are especially e xpected in minors, therefore the question is, should teenagers be allowed to undergo elective cosmetic surgery forRead MoreTeenagers Should Never Have Cosmetic Surgery Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesTeenagers Should Never Have Cosmetic Surgery In 2012, over 236,000 teenagers from the ages of 13-19 years old, went under the syringe to have a cosmetic procedure done (Gilbert, Web). Teenagers should never be able to have cosmetic surgeries because of the harmful effects the procedures have. Teenage minds and bodies are not fully developed until they are in their early twenties. Therefore, doctors are unable to fully comprehend the risks these procedures will have on the teenagers, since theirRead MorePlastic Surgery Should Be Banned For Teenagers 18943 Words   |  4 Pagesreconstruct or repair body parts for cosmetic reasons in a procedure called plastic surgery. It was not long before teenagers 18 years of age and younger noticed the potential benefits of receiving these surgeries, such as fixing misconstrued facial features, or even taking away some unwanted fat. In 2012 there were 130,502 cosmetic procedures performed on teenagers below the age of 19 (Singh). There has been an increase of interest in teenagers for cosmet ic surgery and the most common procedures doneRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Teens Under The Knife By Kaitlyn Ali And Tiffany Lam1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn the article entitled Teens Under the Knife written by Kaitlyn Ali and Tiffany Lam readers are informed on the possible risks that are exposed to teens who have cosmetic surgery. Ali and Lam state, There are many risks in plastic surgery, such as permanent numbness, infections, blood clots, and even death (par. 9). The developing bodies of teens are still changing which could lead to altering the effects or future displacement of the surgical procedure. The article states, Because teens Read MoreEffect Of Plastic Surgery On Teenagers1370 Words   |  6 Pagesregular routine of cosmetic surgery, as the procedure began, her body temperature started rocketing abnormally high and the heart rate went out of levels. Right then, having to take extra precautions, the clinic flew her out to a hospital, later pronouncing that she ha d fallen into coma and soon after, passed away (Rivero 1). This mistake had sparked an outrage all over the world, not only because an innocent human being had died but it was a source that started it all, plastic surgery. Therefore showingRead MoreTeenagers and the Plastic Surgery Epidemic Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagesan overwhelming number of American teenagers choose to alter their body in order to fit the unrealistic standard of physical attractiveness created by our beauty-obsessed culture. Teens feel an immense amount of pressure to look â€Å"beautiful† from the media, peers and even parents. Teenagers are going to extreme lengths to reach this physical perfection, but when it comes down to it, just how far is too far? The numbers of teens going through with plastic surgery is startling and will continue to rise

The Amber Spyglass Chapter 21 The Harpies Free Essays

string(54) " their lashes free of the drops that settled on them\." Lyra and Will each awoke with a heavy dread: it was like being a condemned prisoner on the morning fixed for the execution. Tialys and Salmakia were attending to their dragonflies, bringing them moths lassoed near the anbaric lamp over the oil drum outside, flies cut from spiderwebs, and water in a tin plate. When she saw the expression on Lyra’s face and the way that Pantalaimon, mouse-formed, was pressing himself close to her breast, the Lady Salmakia left what she was doing to come and speak with her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amber Spyglass Chapter 21 The Harpies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Will, meanwhile, left the hut to walk about outside. â€Å"You can still decide differently,† said Salmakia. â€Å"No, we can’t. We decided already,† said Lyra, stubborn and fearful at once. â€Å"And if we don’t come back?† â€Å"You don’t have to come,† Lyra pointed out. â€Å"We’re not going to abandon you.† â€Å"Then what if you don’t come back?† â€Å"We shall have died doing something important.† Lyra was silent. She hadn’t really looked at the Lady before; but she could see her very clearly now, in the smoky light of the naphtha lamp, standing on the table just an arm’s length away. Her face was calm and kindly, not beautiful, not pretty, but the very sort of face you would be glad to see if you were ill or unhappy or frightened. Her voice was low and expressive, with a current of laughter and happiness under the clear surface. In all the life she could remember, Lyra had never been read to in bed; no one had told her stories or sung nursery rhymes with her before kissing her and putting out the light. But she suddenly thought now that if ever there was a voice that would lap you in safety and warm you with love, it would be a voice like the Lady Salmakia’s, and she felt a wish in her heart to have a child of her own, to lull and soothe and sing to, one day, in a voice like that. â€Å"Well,† Lyra said, and found her throat choked, so she swallowed and shrugged. â€Å"We’ll see,† said the Lady, and turned back. Once they had eaten their thin, dry bread and drunk their bitter tea, which was all the people had to offer them, they thanked their hosts, took their rucksacks, and set off through the shanty town for the lakeshore. Lyra looked around for her death, and sure enough, there he was, walking politely a little way ahead; but he didn’t want to come closer, though he kept looking back to see if they were following. The day was overhung with a gloomy mist. It was more like dusk than daylight, and wraiths and streamers of the fog rose dismally from puddles in the road, or clung like forlorn lovers to the anbaric cables overhead. They saw no people, and few deaths, but the dragonflies skimmed through the damp air, as if they were sewing it all together with invisible threads, and it was a delight to the eyes to watch their bright colors flashing back and forth. Before long they had reached the edge of the settlement and made their way beside a sluggish stream through bare-twigged scrubby bushes. Occasionally they would hear a harsh croak or a splash as some amphibian was disturbed, but the only creature they saw was a toad as big as Will’s foot, which could only flop in a pain-filled sideways heave as if it were horribly injured. It lay across the path, trying to move out of the way and looking at them as if it knew they meant to hurt it. â€Å"It would be merciful to kill it,† said Tialys. â€Å"How do you know?† said Lyra. â€Å"It might still like being alive, in spite of everything.† â€Å"If we killed it, we’d be taking it with us,† said Will. â€Å"It wants to stay here. I’ve killed enough living things. Even a filthy stagnant pool might be better than being dead.† â€Å"But if it’s in pain?† said Tialys. â€Å"If it could tell us, we’d know. But since it can’t, I’m not going to kill it. That would be considering our feelings rather than the toad’s.† They moved on. Before long the changing sound their footsteps made told them that there was an openness nearby, although the mist was even thicker. Pantalaimon was a lemur, with the biggest eyes he could manage, clinging to Lyra’s shoulder, pressing himself into her fog-pearled hair, peering all around and seeing no more than she did. And still he was trembling and trembling. Suddenly they all heard a little wave breaking. It was quiet, but it was very close by. The dragonflies returned with their riders to the children, and Pantalaimon crept into Lyra’s breast as she and Will moved closer together, treading carefully along the slimy path. And then they were at the shore. The oily, scummy water lay still in front of them, an occasional ripple breaking languidly on the pebbles. The path turned to the left, and a little way along, more like a thickening of the mist than a solid object, a wooden jetty stood crazily out over the water. The piles were decayed and the planks were green with slime, and there was nothing else; nothing beyond it; the path ended where the jetty began, and where the jetty ended, the mist began. Lyra’s death, having guided them there, bowed to her and stepped into the fog, vanishing before she could ask him what to do next. â€Å"Listen,† said Will. There was a slow, repetitive sound out on the invisible water: a creak of wood and a quiet, regular splash. Will put his hand on the knife at his belt and moved forward carefully onto the rotting planks. Lyra followed close behind. The dragonflies perched on the two weed-covered mooring posts, looking like heraldic guardians, and the children stood at the end of the jetty, pressing their open eyes against the mist, and having to brush their lashes free of the drops that settled on them. You read "The Amber Spyglass Chapter 21 The Harpies" in category "Essay examples" The only sound was that slow creak and splash that was getting closer and closer. â€Å"Don’t let’s go!† Pantalaimon whispered. â€Å"Got to,† Lyra whispered back. She looked at Will. His face was set hard and grim and eager: he wouldn’t turn aside. And the Gallivespians, Tialys on Will’s shoulder, Salmakia on Lyra’s, were calm and watchful. The dragonflies’ wings were pearled with mist, like cobwebs, and from time to time they’d beat them quickly to clear them, because the drops must make them heavy, Lyra thought. She hoped there would be food for them in the land of the dead. Then suddenly there was the boat. It was an ancient rowboat, battered, patched, rotting; and the figure rowing it was aged beyond age, huddled in a robe of sacking bound with string, crippled and bent, his bony hands crooked permanently around the oar handles, and his moist, pale eyes sunk deep among folds and wrinkles of gray skin. He let go of an oar and reached his crooked hand up to the iron ring set in the post at the corner of the jetty. With the other hand he moved the oar to bring the boat right up against the planks. There was no need to speak. Will got in first, and then Lyra came forward to step down, too. But the boatman held up his hand. â€Å"Not him,† he said in a harsh whisper. â€Å"Not who?† â€Å"Not him.† He extended a yellow-gray finger, pointing directly at Pantalaimon, whose red-brown stoat form immediately became ermine white. â€Å"But he is me!† Lyra said. â€Å"If you come, he must stay.† â€Å"But we can’t! We’d die!† â€Å"Isn’t that what you want?† And then for the first time Lyra truly realized what she was doing. This was the real consequence. She stood aghast, trembling, and clutched her dear daemon so tightly that he whimpered in pain. â€Å"They†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Lyra helplessly, then stopped: it wasn’t fair to point out that the other three didn’t have to give anything up. Will was watching her anxiously. She looked all around, at the lake, at the jetty, at the rough path, the stagnant puddles, the dead and sodden bushes†¦ Her Pan, alone here: how could he live without her? He was shaking inside her shirt, against her bare flesh, his fur needing her warmth. Impossible! Never! â€Å"He must stay here if you are to come,† the boatman said again. The Lady Salmakia flicked the rein, and her dragonfly skimmed away from Lyra’s shoulder to land on the gunwale of the boat, where Tialys joined her. They said something to the boatman. Lyra watched as a condemned prisoner watches the stir at the back of the courtroom that might be a messenger with a pardon. The boatman bent to listen and then shook his head. â€Å"No,† he said. â€Å"If she comes, he has to stay.† Will said, â€Å"That’s not right. We don’t have to leave part of ourselves behind. Why should Lyra?† â€Å"Oh, but you do,† said the boatman. â€Å"It’s her misfortune that she can see and talk to the part she must leave. You will not know until you are on the water, and then it will be too late. But you all have to leave that part of yourselves here. There is no passage to the land of the dead for such as him.† No, Lyra thought, and Pantalaimon thought with her: We didn’t go through Bolvangar for this, no; how will we ever find each other again? And she looked back again at the foul and dismal shore, so bleak and blasted with disease and poison, and thought of her dear Pan waiting there alone, her heart’s companion, watching her disappear into the mist, and she fell into a storm of weeping. Her passionate sobs didn’t echo, because the mist muffled them, but all along the shore in innumerable ponds and shallows, in wretched broken tree stumps, the damaged creatures that lurked there heard her full-hearted cry and drew themselves a little closer to the ground, afraid of such passion. â€Å"If he could come – † cried Will, desperate to end her grief, but the boatman shook his head. â€Å"He can come in the boat, but if he does, the boat stays here,† he said. â€Å"But how will she find him again?† â€Å"I don’t know.† â€Å"When we leave, will we come back this way?† â€Å"Leave?† â€Å"We’re going to come back. We’re going to the land of the dead and we are going to come back.† â€Å"Not this way.† â€Å"Then some other way, but we will!† â€Å"I have taken millions, and none came back.† â€Å"Then we shall be the first. We’ll find our way out. And since we’re going to do that, be kind, boatman, be compassionate, let her take her daemon!† â€Å"No,† he said, and shook his ancient head. â€Å"It’s not a rule you can break. It’s a law like this one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He leaned over the side and cupped a handful of water, and then tilted his hand so it ran out again. â€Å"The law that makes the water fall back into the lake, it’s a law like that. I can’t tilt my hand and make the water fly upward. No more can I take her daemon to the land of the dead. Whether or not she comes, he must stay.† Lyra could see nothing: her face was buried in Pantalaimon’s cat fur. But Will saw Tialys dismount from his dragonfly and prepare to spring at the boatman, and he half-agreed with the spy’s intention; but the old man had seen him, and turned his ancient head to say: â€Å"How many ages do you think I’ve been ferrying people to the land of the dead? D’you think if anything could hurt me, it wouldn’t have happened already? D’you think the people I take come with me gladly? They struggle and cry, they try to bribe me, they threaten and fight; nothing works. You can’t hurt me, sting as you will. Better comfort the child; she’s coming; take no notice of me.† Will could hardly watch. Lyra was doing the cruelest thing she had ever done, hating herself, hating the deed, suffering for Pan and with Pan and because of Pan; trying to put him down on the cold path, disengaging his cat claws from her clothes, weeping, weeping. Will closed his ears: the sound was too unhappy to bear. Time after time she pushed her daemon away, and still he cried and tried to cling. She could turn back. She could say no, this is a bad idea, we mustn’t do it. She could be true to the heart-deep, life-deep bond linking her to Pantalaimon, she could put that first, she could push the rest out of her mind – But she couldn’t. â€Å"Pan, no one’s done this before,† she whispered shiveringly, â€Å"but Will says we’re coming back and I swear, Pan, I love you, I swear we’re coming back – I will – take care, my dear – you’ll be safe – we will come back, and if I have to spend every minute of my life finding you again, I will, I won’t stop, I won’t rest, I won’t – oh, Pan – dear Pan – I’ve got to, I’ve got to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And she pushed him away, so that he crouched bitter and cold and frightened on the muddy ground. What animal he was now, Will could hardly tell. He seemed to be so young, a cub, a puppy, something helpless and beaten, a creature so sunk in misery that it was more misery than creature. His eyes never left Lyra’s face, and Will could see her making herself not look away, not avoid the guilt, and he admired her honesty and her courage at the same time as he was wrenched with the shock of their parting. There were so many vivid currents of feeling between them that the very air felt electric to him. And Pantalaimon didn’t ask why, because he knew; and he didn’t ask whether Lyra loved Roger more than him, because he knew the true answer to that, too. And he knew that if he spoke, she wouldn’t be able to resist; so the daemon held himself quiet so as not to distress the human who was abandoning him, and now they were both pretending that it wouldn’t hurt, it wouldn’t be long before they were together again, it was all for the best. But Will knew that the little girl was tearing her heart out of her breast. Then she stepped down into the boat. She was so light that it barely rocked at all. She sat beside Will, and her eyes never left Pantalaimon, who stood trembling at the shore end of the jetty; but as the boatman let go of the iron ring and swung his oars out to pull the boat away, the little dog daemon trotted helplessly out to the very end, his claws clicking softly on the soft planks, and stood watching, just watching, as the boat drew away and the jetty faded and vanished in the mist. Then Lyra gave a cry so passionate that even in that muffled, mist-hung world it raised an echo, but of course it wasn’t an echo, it was the other part of her crying in turn from the land of the living as Lyra moved away into the land of the dead. â€Å"My heart, Will†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she groaned, and clung to him, her wet face contorted with pain. And thus the prophecy that the Master of Jordan College had made to the Librarian, that Lyra would make a great betrayal and it would hurt her terribly, was fulfilled. But Will, too, found an agony building inside him, and through the pain he saw that the two Gallivespians, clinging together just as he and Lyra were doing, were moved by the same anguish. Part of it was physical. It felt as if an iron hand had gripped his heart and was pulling it out between his ribs, so that he pressed his hands to the place and vainly tried to hold it in. It was far deeper and far worse than the pain of losing his fingers. But it was mental, too: something secret and private was being dragged into the open, where it had no wish to be, and Will was nearly overcome by a mixture of pain and shame and fear and self-reproach, because he himself had caused it. And it was worse than that. It was as if he’d said, â€Å"No, don’t kill me, I’m frightened; kill my mother instead; she doesn’t matter, I don’t love her,† and as if she’d heard him say it, and pretended she hadn’t so as to spare his feelings, and offered herself in his place anyway because of her love for him. He felt as bad as that. There was nothing worse to feel. So Will knew that all those things were part of having a daemon, and that whatever his daemon was, she, too, was left behind, with Pantalaimon, on that poisoned and desolate shore. The thought came to Will and Lyra at the same moment, and they exchanged a tear-filled glance. And for the second time in their lives, but not the last, each of them saw their own expression on the other’s face. Only the boatman and the dragonflies seemed indifferent to the journey they were making. The great insects were fully alive and bright with beauty even in the clinging mist, shaking their filmy wings to dislodge the moisture; and the old man in his sacking robe leaned forward and back, forward and back, bracing his bare feet against the slime-puddled floor. The journey lasted longer than Lyra wanted to measure. Though part of her was raw with anguish, imagining Pantalaimon abandoned on the shore, another part was adjusting to the pain, measuring her own strength, curious to see what would happen and where they would land. Will’s arm was strong around her, but he, too, was looking ahead, trying to peer through the wet gray gloom and to hear anything other than the dank splash of the oars. And presently something did change: a cliff or an island lay ahead of them. They heard the enclosing of the sound before they saw the mist darken. The boatman pulled on one oar to turn the boat a little to the left. â€Å"Where are we?† said the voice of the Chevalier Tialys, small but strong as ever, though there was a harsh edge to it, as if he, too, had been suffering pain. â€Å"Near the island,† said the boatman. â€Å"Another five minutes, we’ll be at the landing stage.† â€Å"What island?† said Will. He found his own voice strained, too, so tight it hardly seemed his. â€Å"The gate to the land of the dead is on this island,† said the boatman. â€Å"Everyone comes here, kings, queens, murderers, poets, children; everyone comes this way, and none come back.† â€Å"We shall come back,† whispered Lyra fiercely. He said nothing, but his ancient eyes were full of pity. As they moved closer, they could see branches of cypress and yew hanging down low over the water, dark green, dense, and gloomy. The land rose steeply, and the trees grew so thickly that hardly a ferret could slip between them, and at that thought Lyra gave a little half-hiccup-half-sob, for Pan would have shown her how well he could do it; but not now, maybe not ever again. â€Å"Are we dead now?† Will said to the boatman. â€Å"Makes no difference,† he said. â€Å"There’s some that came here never believing they were dead. They insisted all the way that they were alive, it was a mistake, someone would have to pay; made no difference. There’s others who longed to be dead when they were alive, poor souls; lives full of pain or misery; killed themselves for a chance of a blessed rest, and found that nothing had changed except for the worse, and this time there was no escape; you can’t make yourself alive again. And there’s been others so frail and sickly, little infants, sometimes, that they’re scarcely born into the living before they come down to the dead. I’ve rowed this boat with a little crying baby on my lap many, many times, that never knew the difference between up there and down here. And old folk, too, the rich ones are the worst, snarling and savage and cursing me, railing and screaming: what did I think I was? Hadn’t they gathered and s aved all the gold they could garner? Wouldn’t I take some now, to put them back ashore? They’d have the law on me, they had powerful friends, they knew the Pope and the king of this and the duke of that, they were in a position to see I was punished and chastised†¦ But they knew what the truth was in the end: the only position they were in was in my boat going to the land of the dead, and as for those kings and Popes, they’d be in here, too, in their turn, sooner than they wanted. I let ’em cry and rave; they can’t hurt me; they fall silent in the end.† â€Å"So if you don’t know whether you’re dead or not, and the little girl swears blind she’ll come out again to the living, I say nothing to contradict you. What you are, you’ll know soon enough.† All the time he had been steadily rowing along the shore, and now he shipped the oars, slipping the handles down inside the boat and reaching out to his right for the first wooden post that rose out of the lake. He pulled the boat alongside the narrow wharf and held it still for them. Lyra didn’t want to get out: as long as she was near the boat, then Pantalaimon would be able to think of her properly, because that was how he last saw her, but when she moved away from it, he wouldn’t know how to picture her anymore. So she hesitated, but the dragonflies flew up, and Will got out, pale and clutching his chest; so she had to as well. â€Å"Thank you,† she said to the boatman. â€Å"When you go back, if you see my daemon, tell him I love him the best of everything in the land of the living or the dead, and I swear I’ll come back to him, even if no one’s ever done it before, I swear I will.† â€Å"Yes, I’ll tell him that,† said the old boatman. He pushed off, and the sound of his slow oar strokes faded away in the mist. The Gallivespians flew back, having gone a little way, and perched on the children’s shoulders as before, she on Lyra, he on Will. So they stood, the travelers, at the edge of the land of the dead. Ahead of them there was nothing but mist, though they could see from the darkening of it that a great wall rose in front of them. Lyra shivered. She felt as if her skin had turned into lace and the damp and bitter air could flow in and out of her ribs, scaldingly cold on the raw wound where Pantalaimon had been. Still, she thought, Roger must have felt like that as he plunged down the mountainside, trying to cling to her desperate fingers. They stood still and listened. The only sound was an endless drip-drip-drip of water from the leaves, and as they looked up, they felt one or two drops splash coldly on their cheeks. â€Å"Can’t stay here,† said Lyra. They moved off the wharf, keeping close together, and made their way to the wall. Gigantic stone blocks, green with ancient slime, rose higher into the mist than they could see. And now that they were closer, they could hear the sound of cries behind it, though whether they were human voices crying was impossible to tell: high, mournful shrieks and wails that hung in the air like the drifting filaments of a jellyfish, causing pain wherever they touched. â€Å"There’s a door,† said Will in a hoarse, strained voice. It was a battered wooden postern under a slab of stone. Before Will could lift his hand and open it, one of those high, harsh cries sounded very close by, jarring their ears and frightening them horribly. Immediately the Gallivespians darted into the air, the dragonflies like little warhorses eager for battle. But the thing that flew down swept them aside with a brutal blow from her wing, and then settled heavily on a ledge just above the children’s heads. Tialys and Salmakia gathered themselves and soothed their shaken mounts. The thing was a great bird the size of a vulture, with the face and breasts of a woman. Will had seen pictures of creatures like her, and the word harpy came to mind as soon as he saw her clearly. Her face was smooth and unwrinkled, but aged beyond even the age of the witches: she had seen thousands of years pass, and the cruelty and misery of all of them had formed the hateful expression on her features. But as the travelers saw her more clearly, she became even more repulsive. Her eye sockets were clotted with filthy slime, and the redness of her lips was caked and crusted as if she had vomited ancient blood again and again. Her matted, filthy black hair hung down to her shoulders; her jagged claws gripped the stone fiercely; her powerful dark wings were folded along her back; and a drift of putrescent stink wafted from her every time she moved. Will and Lyra, both of them sick and full of pain, tried to stand upright and face her. â€Å"But you are alive!† the harpy said, her harsh voice mocking them. Will found himself hating and fearing her more than any human being he had ever known. â€Å"Who are you?† said Lyra, who was just as repelled as Will. For answer the harpy screamed. She opened her mouth and directed a jet of noise right in their faces, so that their heads rang and they nearly fell backward. Will clutched at Lyra and they both clung together as the scream turned into wild, mocking peals of laughter, which were answered by other harpy voices in the fog along the shore. The jeering, hate-filled sound reminded Will of the merciless cruelty of children in a playground, but there were no teachers here to regulate things, no one to appeal to, nowhere to hide. He set his hand on the knife at his belt and looked her in the eyes, though his head was ringing and the sheer power of her scream had made him dizzy. â€Å"If you’re trying to stop us,† he said, â€Å"then you’d better be ready to fight as well as scream. Because we’re going through that door.† The harpy’s sickening red mouth moved again, but this time it was to purse her lips into a mock kiss. Then she said, â€Å"Your mother is alone. We shall send her nightmares. We shall scream at her in her sleep!† Will didn’t move, because out of the corner of his eye, he could see the Lady Salmakia moving delicately along the branch where the harpy was perching. Her dragonfly, wings quivering, was being held by Tialys on the ground, and then two things happened: the Lady leapt at the harpy and spun around to dig her spur deep into the creature’s scaly leg, and Tialys launched the dragonfly upward. In less than a second Salmakia had spun away and leapt off the branch, directly onto the back of her electric blue steed and up into the air. The effect on the harpy was immediate. Another scream shattered the silence, much louder than before, and she beat her dark wings so hard that Will and Lyra both felt the wind and staggered. But she clung to the stone with her claws, and her face was suffused with dark red anger, and her hair stood out from her head like a crest of serpents. Will tugged at Lyra’s hand, and they both tried to run toward the door, but the harpy launched herself at them in a fury and only pulled up from the dive when Will turned, thrusting Lyra behind him and holding up the knife. The Gallivespians were on her at once, darting close at her face and then darting away again, unable to get in a blow but distracting her so that she beat her wings clumsily and half-fell onto the ground. Lyra called out, â€Å"Tialys! Salmakia! Stop, stop!† The spies reined back their dragonflies and skimmed high over the children’s heads. Other dark forms were clustering in the fog, and the jeering screams of a hundred more harpies sounded from farther along the shore. The first one was shaking her wings, shaking her hair, stretching each leg in turn, and flexing her claws. She was unhurt, and that was what Lyra had noticed. The Gallivespians hovered and then dived back toward Lyra, who was holding out both hands for them to land on. Salmakia realized what Lyra had meant, and said to Tialys: â€Å"She’s right. We can’t hurt her, for some reason.† Lyra said, â€Å"Lady, what’s your name?† The harpy shook her wings wide, and the travelers nearly fainted from the hideous smells of corruption and decay that wafted from her. â€Å"No-Name!† she cried. â€Å"What do you want with us?† said Lyra. â€Å"What can you give me?† â€Å"We could tell you where we’ve been, and maybe you’d be interested, I don’t know. We saw all kinds of strange things on the way here.† â€Å"Oh, and you’re offering to tell me a story?† â€Å"If you’d like.† â€Å"Maybe I would. And what then?† â€Å"You might let us go in through that door and find the ghost we’ve come here to look for; I hope you would, anyway. If you’d be so kind.† â€Å"Try, then,† said No-Name. And even in her sickness and pain, Lyra felt that she’d just been dealt the ace of trumps. â€Å"Oh, be careful,† whispered Salmakia, but Lyra’s mind was already racing ahead through the story she’d told the night before, shaping and cutting and improving and adding: parents dead; family treasure; shipwreck; escape†¦ â€Å"Well,† she said, settling into her storytelling frame of mind, â€Å"it began when I was a baby, really. My father and mother were the Duke and Duchess of Abingdon, you see, and they were as rich as anything. My father was one of the king’s advisers, and the king himself used to come and stay, oh, all the time. They’d go hunting in our forest. The house there, where I was born, it was the biggest house in the whole south of England. It was called – â€Å" Without even a cry of warning, the harpy launched herself at Lyra, claws outstretched. Lyra just had time to duck, but still one of the claws caught her scalp and tore out a clump of hair. â€Å"Liar! Liar!† the harpy was screaming. â€Å"Liar!† She flew around again, aiming directly for Lyra’s face; but Will took out the knife and threw himself in the way. No-Name swerved out of reach just in time, and Will hustled Lyra over toward the door, because she was numb with shock and half-blinded by the blood running down her face. Where the Gallivespians were, Will had no idea, but the harpy was flying at them again and screaming and screaming in rage and hatred: â€Å"Liar! Liar! Liar!† And it sounded as if her voice were coming from everywhere, and the word echoed back from the great wall in the fog, muffled and changed, so that she seemed to be screaming Lyra’s name, so that Lyra and liar were one and the same thing. Will had the girl pressed against his chest, with his shoulder curved over to protect her, and he felt her shaking and sobbing against him; but then he thrust the knife into the rotten wood of the door and cut out the lock with a quick slash of the blade. Then he and Lyra, with the spies beside them on their darting dragonflies, tumbled through into the realm of the ghosts as the harpy’s cry was doubled and redoubled by others on the foggy shore behind them. How to cite The Amber Spyglass Chapter 21 The Harpies, Essay examples

How to Choose a Career Essay Sample free essay sample

# 1 Choosing a calling is simpleActually. taking a calling is an involved procedure and you should give it the clip it deserves. Career planning is a multi-step procedure that involves larning adequate about yourself and the businesss which you are sing in order to do an informed determination. More: Choosing a Career: The Career Planning Procedure # 2 A calling counsellor can state me what business to pickA calling counsellor. or any other calling development professional. can’t Tell you what calling is best for you. He or she can supply you with counsel in taking a calling and can assist ease your determination. More: Get Career Advice From a Pro # 3 I can’t do a life from my avocationSaies who? When taking a calling. it makes perfect sense to take one that is related to what you enjoy making in your trim clip. if you so desire. In add-on people tend to go really skilled in their avocations. even though most of the accomplishment is gained informally. More: Make Your Hobby Work for You # 4 I should take a calling from a â€Å"Best Careers† listEvery twelvemonth. particularly during milestone old ages. i. e. the beginning of a new decennary. there are legion articles and books that list what â€Å"the experts† predict will be â€Å"hot occupations. † It can’t hurt to look at those lists to see if any of the callings on it appeal to you. but you shouldn’t utilize the list to order your pick. While the anticipations are frequently based on valid informations. sometimes things alteration. Way excessively frequently what is hot this twelvemonth won’t be hot a few old ages from now. In add-on. you need to take into history your involvements. values. and accomplishments when taking a calling. Merely because the mentality for an business is good. it doesn’t mean that business is right for you. More: 10 Reasons Not to Trust on Best Careers Lists # 5 Making a batch of money will do me happyWhile salary is of import. it isn’t the lone factor you should look at when taking a calling. Countless studies have shown that money doesn’t needfully lead to occupation satisfaction. For many people basking what they do at work is much more of import. However. you should see net incomes. among other things. when measuring an business. More: Salary Surveies # 6 Once I choose a calling I’ll be stuck in it everlastinglyNot true. If you are unsated in your calling for any ground. you can ever alter it. You’ll be in good company. Many people change callings several times over the class of their life-times. # 7 If I change callings my accomplishments will travel to blow Your accomplishments are yours to maintain. You can take them from one occupation to another. You may non utilize them in the exact same manner. but they won’t travel to blow. More: Movable Skills# 8 If my best friend ( or sister. uncle. or neighbour ) is happy in a peculiar field. I will be excessively Everyone is different and what works for one individual won’t needfully work for another. even if that other individual is person with whom you have a batch in common. If person you know has a calling that involvements you. look into it. but be cognizant of the fact that it may non needfully be a good tantrum for you. # 9 All I have to make is pick an occupation†¦ Things will fall into topographic point after that Choosing an calling is a great start. but there’s a batch more to make after that. A Career Action Plan is a route map that takes you from taking a calling to going employed in that business to make your long-run calling ends. More: Career Action Pl ans # 10 There’s really small I can make to larn about an business without really working in it While first manus experience is great. there are other ways to research an business. You can read about it either in print resources or online. You can besides interview those working in that field. More: Exploring Occupations Choosing the Right Course and School in College Introduction: Choosing the right class and school in college is one of the most of import stairss in every student’s life. This prepares us in our hereafter. our chosen callings. etc. This is one of the hardest portion of a student’s life particularly when he/she is non certain of what she/he wants to be someday or he/she does non cognize what he/she loves to make. Many pupils strive difficult to be the best that they can be and college is at that place to assist them be the best of who they are. but the job is. what college and class would truly convey the best in them? College is a merriment and exciting clip in a person’s life. Even though you will be on your ain. run intoing new people. traveling to parties. and sing new things. it is of import to maintain a grip on what college is truly approximately. It is about taking the right college classs so that the terminal consequence will be obtaining your coveted grade. It is non every bit easy as it may look. taking the right college classs. but there are some things you can make to do it a simpler procedure. Factors to See In Choosing the Right School: There are several standards to see when choosing the right topographic point to pass some of the most of import old ages of your life. College old ages are arguably the best of your life and which university you go to makes a great difference. Choose with attention and have fun! Degree Course If you know which field you want to specialise in. travel someplace where you can concentrate on your major from the first twelvemonth and travel to a school that specializes your class. If you are open about what you want to make. choose for a school with a wide based attack ; these require pupils to take categories in a broad scope of topics foremost. supplying a all-around instruction. School Reputation and Faculty Strength The school’s repute should be good. When you graduated. the name of your school is besides a large aid in your chosen calling. Some of the employers tend to engage employees who came from a good school and sometimes those who came from a popular school. Check superior tabular arraies that provide both an overall appraisal of the university and specialist countries of strength. Type and Location All colleges are different in many ways. Do you prefer individual sex or coed. a spiritual association or layman in kernel? Does an urban campus life excite you or would a little town environment in the countryside be more toothsome? The options are about illimitable so be clear on what’s of import to you. You must see a school that has a clean environment. free from offenses. friendly atmosphere and the similar. This helps you prosecute your surveies even more. Distance from Home For some. the full experience of university life and campus life is attained from being far off from place. Your chosen college must be near your house to avoid tardily. offenses etc. Fiscal Considerations You must be practical presents. Choose a school that your parents can afford. Undergraduate instruction can set a strain on your fiscal resources. Check if your school awards scholarships. bursaries. pupil grants. or university adversity financess. If you think you can acquire a scholarship. why non seek a parttime occupation? It will assist you decrease the outgos in your chosen school. Activities and Events Don’t neglect the countries outside academe. If you are a athleticss partisan. see a topographic point with a tradition of featuring accomplishments. If you love the out-of-doorss a campus in a natural scene provides chances for hikings. If you are a theatre fan caput someplace bombinating with humanistic disciplines and theatre plans. This will assist you heighten your accomplishments even more. Industry Internship Job fond regards provide pupils with relevant work experience and professional development. Check with your prospective school for good quality internship plans that give you an penetration and practical experience of the industry. And inquire what sort of support they provide in assisting pupils unafraid internships. University Culture If you can. see the school and let clip to talk to other pupils. eat in the dining hall. sit in on categories and dad into the pupils brotherhood. See if the civilization suits you and if you fit in as a portion of the community. There needs to be lucifer and a sense of belonging or you could be in for a suffering college life. Other Degree Options If your fiscal or household fortunes do non let for a full clip university instruction. believe about parttime classs or distance instruction larning plans or correspondence survey. Given the benefits of an on-line grade and the proliferation of e-learning classs by several reputable universities. this is an option you may wish to earnestly see. Take Time Off There is no haste to travel to university. Many pupils take a twelvemonth off to work. go and/or make voluntary work. and their experiences do them to go better pupils. more motivated and focussed. Such experiences add Factors to See In Choosing the Right Course Simply answer a few inquiries. What do you desire to be in the hereafter? Or how do you see yourself at least five old ages from now? If you can reply these questions without 2nd ideas. so likely you do non hold a job at all. However. if you are hesitating or unsure with yourself. so you’ve got to repair your head foremost. If you still can’t do a clear image of yourself in the close hereafter. seek this 2nd option. Since you are trap in uncertainness. why don’t you go measure yourself? Precisely. you merely have to measure some of your accomplishments or disposition. If there excessively many things that run through your head. seek paring the list into three so it’ll be easier for you to make up ones mind which of your preferable classs you will be taking. Everything may non travel harmonizing to your outlooks at first. but you merely have to love your class so you won’t travel switching from one class to another. If you love what you’re mak ing. it’ll decidedly conveying out the best in you. Stairss in Choosing the Right Course Measure 1:Think of what are the things that you are good at and name them down. Are you good in music. English or math? Are you a great leader ; are you good at humanistic disciplines or composing? If you can’t happen something you are good at. don’t concern merely list anything you ordinary do like make you compose verse forms. make you dance do you cognize how to cook? Measure 2:Now think about something you love to make. Something you enjoy making even if you are non good at it. There are developing available so don’t worry if you haven’t developed your accomplishments yet. That is what college is for-to train you. Measure 3:Now think of what you are willing to make for the remainder of your calling life. It is traveling to be a 5 yearss occupation for most callings. so you don’t want to stop up acquiring stuck making what you hate. Measure 4:Now before doing your concluding determination. expression for classified ads and research about what sort of occupations you can hold. This is of import. You need to do certain that one time you are done in school you are certain that there will be occupation available for you. With The recession traveling right now. happening a occupation is non easy. Measure 5:Not done yet. Research how much wage they offer for the calling that involvement you. and believe if that is something you can populate with. Measure 6:Still confound what college class to take? Talk to a counsellor. There are besides test you can take to find what sort of calling is best for you. But at the terminal it should still be you who is suppose to do the determination. Problems you might meet in College life Choosing a University is merriment. exciting and a serious. But somehow you may believe of the jobs that you might meet in college life. Nowadays. the jobs of about all the pupils are going from place to school. traffics. inundations. transit. out of minutess. conditions. etc. But you should take advantages for you to maintain away from these jobs. like waking up early in the forenoon. Some of the jobs are unexpected. but you need to be prepared like: ever bring umbrella for the rain. We can see classs as one of the jobs in college life. Like how to do your classs every bit high as possible. How to keep your classs. how to be a good pupil. how to be a good retainer. and how to be a good leader. In college life this is the chance for every pupil to be on their manner or what professions they fit. This is the chance to go a Businessman. Architect. Engineer. Doctor. Nurse. Computer engineer and etc. Your endowment must suit your class. Pressure. this is one of the jobs of every pupil. Pressure is different from other jobs because it can mensurate how responsible plenty you are to complete your behaviors inside your school. But you don’t necessitate to panic. the lone solution for that is finish it before the deadline comes. And take note that every job has solutions. Thinking stairss are besides helpful to you to believe twice before you do it. It means to make up ones mind what is good and what will be the great thought. Many pupils study in a good school. but how about the pupils analyzing at the low schools? . The job that they have is Financial Problem many pupils can’t make the tuition fee because it is high and non afford to pay every bit rapidly as they can. Possibly they lived in a hapless topographic point. Possibly their parent couldn’t get high wage like gaining 14. 000 pesos a month. And possibly the grounds why these people can’t earn money because they are lack of cognition about concern. Figure out your options. When something unexpected dads up. most people want to cognize the solution right off. Take a minute. nevertheless. to research all of your options. What are your options if the state of affairs doesn’t alteration? What are your options if the state of affairs changes a small but doesn’t travel back to how things were? What are your options if the state of affairs resolves itself? Knowing your options in all three scenarios can assist you calculate out what to make next in add-on to taking the emphasis of the unknown. Prioritize and inquire for aid every bit much as possible. Reorganizing your precedences when the unexpected arises can be a great manner to experience more in control of your state of affairs and to acquire a better grip on things. Having an unexpected unwellness. fiscal state of affairs. or household issue frequently means that things will necessitate to be rearranged in your life. even if merely temporarily. Spend a few quiet pr oceedingss with yourself and prioritise the things in your life in a manner that still provides you with what you need without adding extra — and unneeded — emphasis. Decision: We therefore conclude that. choosing classs and schools Mentions: hypertext transfer protocol: //universities. suite101. com/hypertext transfer protocol: //whatcollegedegree. com/ Read more: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. candymag. com/teentalk/index. php/topic. 192973. 0. hypertext markup language? PHPSESSID=dfbd6208f5usgvcccc03lbueq4 # ixzz2LM82f1Qg

The Comparison of Gilgamesh and Odysseus

Jobseekers How to Use LinkedIn to Optimize Your Job Search

Jobseekers How to Use LinkedIn to Optimize Your Job Search Are you maximizing LinkedIns tools in your job search? LinkedIn is consistently rated in the top 3 resources for job listings on the web (after Indeed and Glassdoor). Surveys have concluded that of all jobs sourced from social media, 89% of those are sourced from LinkedIn. So you can’t afford  not  to be making the most of LinkedIn’s job search features. This past week, LinkedIn posted an article about how to be a job search Ninja. Ive expanded on what LinkedIn shared: Here are my latest and greatest tips on getting the best possible results out of your LinkedIn job search. 1. Turn On Open Candidates Your first consideration when actively looking for a new position on LinkedIn is whether you would like to keep your job search confidential. The Open Candidates feature allows you to signal privately to recruiters that you are open to new opportunities. To turn this feature on, click on the Jobs tab and then on Update career interests. Flip the switch to On. But dont stop there. Update your preferences to search for jobs based on factors like geographic location, full-time or part-time, and company name. Open Candidates gives you access to hundreds of thousands of recruiters. It’s available in the U.S., U.K. Canada and Australia on both the desktop and mobile versions of LinkedIn, and there are plans to roll out the program globally. Ready to get started?  Log in here to change your settings. For more on the Open Candidates feature,  click here. 2. Use the Jobs Tab Under the Jobs tab, you will automatically see a list of jobs that might interest you, based on the keywords in your profile. I recommend that if you are a job seeker, you click on the Jobs tab daily to view LinkedIns recommendations. From this vantage point, you can filter your results further to meet your qualifications. To get to the available filters, click the blue Search button and youll see a list of criteria by which you can narrow your search, such as industry, skill level, and company size. (Searching by salary is only available to Premium members.) With all these options, you are in the drivers seat as you choose which jobs meet your specifications. 3. Utilize the Search Bar When you click on â€Å"Jobs† in the top menu, you will immediately see a Search bar. This is your window into the positions that interest you. When I searched using the Jobs Search bar for â€Å"Account Executive Digital Media† within 100 miles of Madison, WI, heres some of what came up: What  type of job are you looking for? Determine the search terms that are most relevant  for  you,   enter them in the search bar, and LinkedIn will provide a list of current positions which you can fine tune by location, company, date posted, job function, industry, experience level and title. Apply to the ones that best meet your goals and skill set! 4. Create a Job Alert If you want to conduct the same search regularly, click on Create job alert in the upper right-hand corner and you will be given an option to receive an alert daily or weekly for jobs that match your criteria. You can then conduct your saved search with one click from your Jobs page. Once you save a job, it will appear in the right-hand column: Click on a position that interests you, and you will see a job description, a count of the number of people who have applied through LinkedIn, and, most important, a list of your connections who work there. Be sure to reach out to those connections to ask questions about the company and their experience working there. Maybe they even know someone who can help you. Many companies have incentive programs for their employees to refer good candidates, so you might be doing your connection a favor by contacting them! 5. Apply, Track Share LinkedIn allows you to apply directly from a company website, and to save any jobs of interest for later (but be careful, they could disappear at any time). You can view a list of all the jobs youve applied for from the Jobs tab at any time (under Applied Jobs). For more on how to work with Applied Jobs, see the LinkedIn Help article,  Viewing Jobs Youve Applied for on LinkedIn. If you see a job that is perfect for someone else in your network, use LinkedIn social media sharing buttons to spread the word. 6. Let Companies Know Youre Interested One way to let a company know  you are interested in working for them is to follow the company on LinkedIn. Here are several advantages to following a company, courtesy of  WiserUTips: More visibility. Representatives at your target companies can see who their followers are. By being on their  followers  list, you’re telling companies that you are interested in them and you’re also getting your skills and/or services in front of them. Staying up-to-date. View all recent updates about your target companies, including company news, job openings, new hires, and recent employee departures. Making an impression.  Like and comment on posts about your target companies. Making connections.  Review â€Å"How Youre Connected.† Click the â€Å"See all† link to view 1st, 2nd  and  3rd  degree  connections at the organization, as well as former employees.  Use this knowledge to ask key people to help you land a job or make the sale. Showing your support. Providing recommendations for a companys products and services makes the company look good on LinkedIn and shows them that you care about their success. Hiring entities that use LinkedIn Recruiter can view those who follow their company. They will then consider you a warm lead and most likely check out your profile. You can follow up to 1,000 companies! The downside is that all your connections will also be able to see what companies you follow; so if you have an  ummm, overprotective boss, be careful about how you use this feature. 7. Use the Group Jobs Feature Another key location for potential jobs is the Job Conversations in your groups. After logging into a group page, click on the Jobs tab and you will see additional positions not advertised in the official (paid) Jobs database. From there you can explore and apply to specific jobs that interest you. 8. Use the Mobile LinkedIn Job Search App Keep up with your job search on the go with the mobile version of LinkedIn Jobs. Dont let that job offer sit in your inbox for hours while youre out networking! For Android users: Click here to get LinkedIn ® Job Search App for Android (Google Play) and log in to your account. Tap the grid icon in the upper right corner. From the sliding menu, select Job Search. From there you can search for new job opportunities, save your searches, create job alerts and apply. From the menu at the bottom, select â€Å"Activity† to see your recently viewed jobs, save searches, and keep track of where you’ve applied. You can sync your phone with your LinkedIn account for a seamless experience across platforms. For iOS (iPhone) users: Click here to get the LinkedIn ® Job Search App for iPhone (iTunes). iPhone users enjoy additional amenities with the Job Search App for iPhone. Search jobs, save searches, set up notifications, apply online and track jobs you’ve applied to. Click her for more about LinkedIn for mobile. The evidence, based on my own client base, is that more and more qualified job seekers are finding employment by diligently applying for jobs on LinkedIn. This is good news for both applicants and employers. Whether you are looking for a position or looking to fill one, LinkedIn is a powerful tool to achieve your intended result. If you are serious about finding a new job fast, research and apply for jobs on LinkedIn daily. And if you find you want more functionality than you can get with a free account, you might want to consider Job Seeker Premium to get more information on salary range, who is viewing your profile, and what your competition looks like. You will likely see results. I have one client who got 12 interviews this way, and a job! This article was adapted from my book,  How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile And 18 Mistakes to Avoid. For more on how to write a LinkedIn profile that gets you a job, get the book today!

Report on International Business Machines Corp (IBM) Case Study

Report on International Business Machines Corp (IBM) - Case Study Example Firstly, there was the disruptive change on the organization’s culture as a result of the telecommuting. Secondly, there was the problem with the initial technological support. The first issue has been identified by several authors as being a key stumbling for managing successful change efforts (Beer, Eisenstat, & Spector, 1990; Heracleous & Langham, 1996; Johnson, 1992; Kotter, 2007). All these authors’ viewpoints are looked at within the report. On the other hand, this report does not find the second issue of problems with technological support to be major because while an organization is implementing change one anticipates a state of flux during which systems and technologies have to experience instabilities. Johnson (1992) defined the cultural paradigm as the core set of beliefs and assumptions, held relatively commonly by management and employees, that are specific and relevant to that given organization and that are learned over time. Telecommuting changed the way of doing things at IBM for example some managers lost prestigious privileges such as private offices with private secretaries and team members became physically dispersed which made inter-team communication much harder. The first issue, the negative impact of telecommuting on IBM-Indiana’s cultural paradigm is analyzed using Johnson (1992) cultural web approach. The second issue is largely a technological issue that has to arise as the organization transitions from one stable organizational system to another. Organizational culture and managing change According to Johnson (1992) culture plays a big role in the development of strategy, the management of the resulting strategic change and also on the choices made by an organization’s leadership that lead up to both strategic development and change. In this case telecommuting presents a major strategic change for IBM-Indiana. The culture web is a tool proposed by Johnson (1992) as a suitable device for conducti ng an organization’s culture audit. According to Heracleous and Langham (1996) the cultural web allows managers to conceptualize the organization either within an interpretive frame of reference (what the organization is) or as a variable in a functionalist frame of reference (something an organization has). The culture web comprises of seven elements: paradigm, rituals and routines, organizational structure, power structures, control systems, symbolic aspects and stories as shown in Figure 1 below. Almost all the cultural web elements were greatly affected by the introduction to telecommuting. With telecommuting employees had to contend with new rituals and routines for example maintaining accurate and up to date schedule of activities on the computer to enable scheduling of meetings and teleconferences. Formalized control systems that monitor and therefore emphasize what is important at IBM, in order to focus attention and activity also had to be changed to reflect the ne w arrangement of partly off-site and on-site office arrangements. Managers who had private offices and private secretaries lost these huge symbolic aspects of being managers at IBM and the loss of group-work setting diminished opportunities for social contact and casual communication that

Prep 7 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Prep 7 - Coursework Example The environment has a strong influence when it comes to gene expression. For example, the mixture of genes he inherits and the environment, he interacts with determines the personality of an individual. Various environmental cues can alter the gene expression. They are the extracellular and intracellular concentrations of different ions (Dawkins, 1999). Reaction norms could be used to understand phenotype plasticity in the below manner. Phenotype plasticity shows the degree to which the phenotype of an organism is. The response patterns display the relationship between the genotype and phenotype (Dawkins, 1999). The variability could be structural variations and copy number variations. The difference between broad sense and narrow sense heritability is that the general sense shows the genetic contributions to the phenotype variance of a population and the strict sense does not reflect genetic contributions. Heritability is measured by coming up with the relative contributions of non-genetic and genetic differences to the total phenotypic variation in a population (Dawkins, 1999).The narrow sense heritability and the strength of selection work together in a manner that their response is since they are necessary for selecting (Dawkins,

Perceptions of Childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Perceptions of Childhood - Essay Example The unique criteria of modern early years education gives the impression of being built powerfully on insights and practices honed from the legacy of the Montessori system. Toward the end of the 19th century Maria Montessori built on the work of Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard and Edouard Seguine to develop just such an individualized child-centered approach to education (Kramer, R. 1988:60). Maria created a program for young children in the slums of Rome which became known as the Montessori Method. The incisive outlook that Dr. Montessori brought to early childhood education was her conviction that the education of each child must start from inside the inimitable little person, and that the child must be left free to learn for itself by selecting and using resources with the least amount of adult intrusion for as long as the child is absorbed in the work at hand (Kramer, R. 1988:113). Montessori transformed the role of the educator from a simple trainer to an engaged and attentive guide of children's independent development through the promotion of autonomous activities appropriate to the requirements of each child in the secure setting of the classroom. The rudiments of the Montessori Method and variations of Montessori resources are employed broadly today in early childhood programs world-wide (Kramer, R. 1988:16). Montessori passed on enduring insight into and deep appreciation for the natural aptitude latent in every small person when cultivated judiciously. Public schooling in the wake of the Industrial Revolution centered on passive models for children's learning: the school as a factory and the child as a blank slate. Children were the raw material to be formed forthwith into productive citizens (Lillard, A.S. 2005:7). In the Italy of Maria Montessori's era the family and its social status was the primary determinant of a child's education and profession. The prospects for a young girl of that era were even more firmly determined by convention. A married woman, as wife and mother, was expected first and foremost to be the underlying nucleus in the Italian family (Gutek, G.L.2004:2). Maria's childhood experience in a local primary school adhered to the established practice of a teacher feeding information to the children through dictation, with the child repeating back material learned by rote memory. Italian primary schools generally included all the subjects, reading, writing, arithmetic, history and geography, in a single book. Generally, the educator required the child to stand at attention and correctly repeat responses tediously committed to memory from the text (Gutek, G.L.2004:3). In spite of Italy's 19th-century gender norms, at the age of thirteen in 1883, Maria Montessori opted to study engineering in a state technical school, though by 1890 she had decided to leave engineering to go into medicine (Kramer, R. 1988:34). Through quite resolute persistence she secured admission to the University of Rome as a student of physics, mathematics, and the natural sciences, and passed her final examination with an outstanding grade of eight out of ten points which made her academically eligible to study to be a

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) From USA to India

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) From USA to India CHAPTER NO.1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION: The business environment is changing rapidly in recent years and is affecting business all over the world. The management of various businesses are looking for a way to minimize the cost so the profit can be maximised. This will ensure business growth and sustainability. Hence many international companies are adopting the outsourcing in order to minimize the cost where there is less competence. IBM Daksh is one of the major Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) company in India where many Multi National Companies (MNC) have outsourced their business. The purpose of this proposal is to help me organise my ideas and clarify my thoughts. I would also use this proposal to convince my audience that this research proposal is feasible. My working title of the topic areas is BPO industry in India. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: The study investigates BPO from USA to India, a case study in IBM Daksh, how BPO has impacted on India with different perspectives. Adopting qualitative case study research method, the organizations overall business strategy will be discussed and how they outsource their non core functions to other expertise company. It will explain the integration of outsource with business strategies. This assessment is based on the actuality that BPO is emerging as a market and has become more common in European countries and it has become a comprehensive part of business deals. Analysts are estimating a remarkable revenue growth of business process outsource transactions and dreaming that IT business process outsourcing will touch reach your zenith of market. Experts predict that BPO revenue will increase 13.8 percent per year. The most accurate predictor of BPO market said that worldwide BPO industry US$7.5 million in 2009 and US$11.9 by 2012, whereas McKinsey had predicted that worldwide BPO will be US$500 billion by 2008 that almost has proven in the last 3 years. Halvey, John K (2007) defines business process outsourcing as outsourcing of one or more business processes to a third party vendor who is an expert of those functions. BPO focuses on the overall process to minimize the cost and maximize profits. As the competition grows globally, all the organizations must want to maintain a competitive edge and must function more effectively in order to sustain a position in the market. In some sense organizations want earn more revenue and want less operational cost. So in BPOs management turned over to the vendor, who in return commits to reduce costs, provide effective services and gain customer satisfaction. With the IT outsource market growth, BPO customers are looking for more productivity, improve methodologies, sharing of resources and customer satisfaction. As the global telecommunication is fastest, companies are shifting work to international vendors, although many countries have specialization in different fields. India, the core of business process outsourcing has expertise in engineering and technical services. Chinese and Mexicans are expert in manufacturing whereas U.S. analyse the business processes in an effective way along with creativity. Philippines are good in administrative skills. There is no doubt that Indian BPO industry is more favourable destination of world. Indian BPO industry has many reasons to attract European countries for investing here. India has the largest pool of workforce of low-cost technically sound, English speaking and expert in engineering. Their telecom sector has improved and meeting the U.S. outsourced call centre requirements. In addition bei ng technically sound, the Indian manpower work at lower wages in comparison to other developed countries of the world. Flexibility in working hours is another major attraction for developed countries to work in Indian BPO. It is because of different time zone and geographical conditions. Due to all these factors Indian BPO is most desirable business environment for European countries. The economic expansion of any country is very important for its growth. BPO contribution to GDP is very high gradually. For the year of 2003 the GDP contribution was 0.2, for 2003 was 0.5 and for the year 2009 was 2.5. This increased contribution to Indian GDP shows that IT-BPO industry has significant mark in the countrys economy. Due to these thousands of people get employment. 1.2 REASONS FOR CHOSING THE TOPIC: Business process outsourcing is becoming increasingly important throughout the world. BPOs may integrate the IT management and business operations at the same level; it is highly beneficial for business processes. Moreover it involves the strategy of core operations of European countries with developing countries to get beneficial of lower cost. The United States market has been above all profitable for Indian BPO companies because of the 12-hour service providence, low cost manpower and skilled expertise. Higher management have also understood that for lower operational cost, it is essential to outsource non-core function to outside expertise. For highlight this industry benefit the researcher has chosen this topic for his dissertation. 1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH: The main objective of this research is to introduce the business processing units. Why they need to come into existence and how they are beneficial for Indias economy. For five years every American company has its business processing units in India and they are earning huge amount. Then the researcher finds out the various drivers and challenges of Indian BPO Industry. International Business Machines (IBM) is a large company of USA. This research is to explore the reasons that why IBM has chosen India for their business process unit. The factors which are supported for India to maintaining its top position in this sector will be discussed as well. The overall objective of this dissertation is to explore the IBM Daksh which was started in 2004, its top ten BPOs of India. What are the Impacts of BPO in India in terms of economy? Because of new IBM Daksh more job opportunities are bringing in a new generation as already this BPO is serving 25,000 employees in India. How BPOs are affecti ng culture and lifestyles, educational system and Development of rural areas as new projects are going to provide job opportunities for rural area people. To achieve the aims and objectives of the study, some of the questions are below which must be met, are as follows: To explain the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) To discuss the various drivers and challenges of Indian Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Industry To analyse the competition of India with other countries regarding Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry To understand the drive of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) in India To discuss briefly about International Business Machines (IBM) To investigate why International Business Machines (IBM) has chosen India for IBM Daksh Discuss the rapid growth of IBM Daksh in India To analyse the impacts of BPO industry in India in terms of economy and Culture and life style 1.4 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS: The literature shows that Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry has rapidly increased in India. The study will investigate the obstacles and challenges of Indian BPO Industry. This will also highlight the demanding drivers for Indian BPO industry. Researcher will engage looking at how the IBM has introduced their BPO in India and how these steps of organization are aligned to its strategic planning process. Moreover the impact of BPO industry over Indias economy will also be discussed. Case study discussion will explore the BPO industry in India and how India is leading in this industry. The remarkable growth of IBM Daksh will also be discussed. 1.5 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY: With the changing trends of business globally every large size organization emphasis on cost reduction and effective quality services. To reduce the cost, organizations delegate non-core functions of business process outside the organization. The term BPO refers to business process outsourcing and it means outsourcing in all the sectors. Technological changes are integrating businesses with new trends and BPO can be differentiated in terms of using new technology and being implemented by current one. This research is important to the research and development for the Indian BPO and IBM Daksh, and also equally important to the researcher. This study is beneficial for HR managers at IBM Daksh to look back into the procedures against retaining the talent pool. Researcher compares the Indian BPO industry with other blooming outsource countries, this will give a chance to improve industry and fill their gaps. Finally this dissertation help the researcher gain an understanding of several basic concepts in BPO and enhances his knowledge after consulting many books and journals along with online web sources. This will help the researcher gather information about upcoming threats for business process industry worldwide. It will help their management improve infrastructure and concern about security issues. 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY: Throughout the world business trends are changing and Information technology is spreading over business strategies. Business process outsourcing is also fast growing industry with the high growth of IT sector globally where key players are India, China, Canada, South Africa and the Philippines. India is most beneficial IT-BPO sector in developed countries. India is retaining their customers of BPO industry by providing them with low-cost manpower, proficient in English and technically sound. They have low cost advantage as compared to other European countries. Time zone difference and 24 hours service providence is another key point of Indian BPO sector. Because of all these factors which make India more efficient and cost effective BPO centre for developed countries. IBM decided to open its BPO in India with the name of IBM Daksh. This BPO is dealing with IT help desk, procurement, human resources, after sale customer support, customer growth etc. The information gathered from this study will be beneficial for IBM Daksh management and Indian IT-BPO industry; in case they can concentrate suggested recommendations to have come up solution for talent retention. 1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY: According to researcher the aims of the research have been partially achieved. The limitation of the research was that the researcher not taken interviews from the management of no concerned areas or departments of organization. Though, interviews were engaged with the outsource department of organization and employees of that BPO. Other BPOs employees of Indian industry were also interviewed by a researcher. While both the employees and the higher management at IBM Daksh were quite helpful. Along with informative interviews the document study and literature review proven very knowledge full for the researcher. Adequate in depth study was not possible due to lack of resources and time limitations. 1.8 METHODOLOGY: The researcher adopted the two approaches in order to understand the Indian BPO industry and its implications in Indian economic life. Firstly, it contains a concise literature review about Indian BPO industry and why IBM chose for Daksh. The second phase explores the reasons that why IBM chose Indian BPO industry for opening their unit. For this purpose case study methodology has been used. 1.9 ORGANIZATION OF STUDY: Chapter No. 2 (Literature Review) This chapter revolves around the business process outsourcing. Furthermore the implementation of BPO in India is described. Increasingly some challenges of Indian BPO industry and how Indian BPO industry overcome those factors. Finally, the competitors of Indian BPO industry are discussed and under case study IBM will be reviewed. Chapter No. 3 (Research Methodology) This chapter will discuss the investigative strategy for this study, what practice was used for interviews and the limitations of the interviews. In-depth personal interviews regarding study subject were conducted. Document study was also used to help the researcher. Researcher adopted a critical realist post-positivist approach. Case study methodology was used for this study. Chapter No. 4 (Analysis and Discussion of Data) This chapter explains the business process outsourcing and how India is competing with other countries in this industry. This chapter provides the quantifiable reasons of India to be standing in top position BPO industry globally. Along with this, Indian BPO industry challenges are also highlighted. How Indian BPO industry is beneficial for IBM Daksh is also mentioned in this part of study. The rapid growth of IBM Daksh and its impact on Indian economy is also provided. At last findings of the study are analysed and discussed under the light of literature. Chapter No. 5 (Conclusion and Recommendations) In this chapter researcher has provided with conclusions about this study. The aim of study has been achieved and recommendations for the organization are also here. Further research ideas are also provided by the researcher. CHAPTER NO. 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 INTRODUCTION: The chapter explains the BPO and an overview of Indian BPO industry, how the BPO industry is effecting on India. How it is becoming imperative for European business units, along with the benefits of BPO. Moreover this chapter discusses the IBM Daksh case study and how they choose India for their BPO industry, thereafter company gain competitive edge. Data collected from books, journals and documents on Indian BPO industry. 2.1 BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO): According to Hoboken, N.J, John Eiley (2005, pp-5) the delegation of non-core functions of particular organization to other external resource is called the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). In other words the revolutionary and innovative telecommunication infrastructure is an essential part of this process that gives the life to business process outsourcing. Eltschinger, Cyrill (2007, pp-2-3) explains the process of transferring the business processing operations to an external service provider or resource for getting solve those functions in accountable manner is called Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). Basically this concept is derived from assign inside functions of company and delegate outside firm to handle them and get paid. Another positive impact of BPO is Value-Added Outsourcing. Why some functional area is turned over to an external source? In fact the external resource can add value to the action that becomes cost effective for the company. According to Thomas N(2005, pp-1-2)Business process outsourcing (BPO) can be explain as some of business processes goes to an external vendor within the organization. Because of fast technology, telecommunication infrastructures are ruling over old methods of communications so Business process outsourcing (BPO) initiatives often contain the transfer the work to international vendors. BPO industry is often indicated as a socio-technical industry because it clubs the technology with the social beings or human resources at a vast scale in order to reach millions of clients all over the world M. Purwar (2010, pp-4). The employees who leads the team and take initiatives must train employees regarding the technologies used in that strategy. Nontechnical managers cannot fill all expectations; they cannot reach the potential of required abilities. Outsourcing system is used in agreement for services for that are not having expertise. By outsourcing they can focus on their time, money and energy. The companies can concentrate on other core functions in a better manner. 2.1 BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) INDUSTRY: The business environment is changing rapidly in recent years and is affecting business all over the world. The management of various businesses are looking for a way to minimize the cost so the profit can be maximised. This will ensure business growth and sustainability. Hence many international companies are adopting the outsourcing in order to minimize the cost where there is less competence. Outsourcing is a useful thought used in business and secretarial. It began in the early eighties when the management of the large organizations started to deliver their non-core functions to an external organization to get them done in a specialized way. Outsourcing was not officially recognized as a business strategy until 1989. Though, many organizations were not self-sufficient so they delegate some of their functions to outsiders. Outsourcing support services is the next stage. In the 1990s, when organizations started to concentrate on cost-saving measures, they started to outsource few functions; necessary to run a company. High level management started search for vendors and contracted with rising service companies to deliver non-core functions of company like human resources, data processing, payroll, accounts, security, plant infrastructure maintenance (Alexander Young (1996). In outsourcing, the external organization would take on the management of the outsourced function. In outsourcing, the outsourcer and the outsourcing partner have a great relationship when compared to the relationship between a buyer and a seller.In outsourcing, the outsourcer trusts the outsourcing partner with vital information. Outsourcing is no longer confined to the outsourcing of IT services. United States outsourcers now outsource financial services, engineering services, creative services, data entry services and much more. Organizations are realizing that outsourcing can lead the business as an effective business strategy towards achieve high targets. 2.3 WHY COMPANIES OUTSOURCE?: Outsourcing process is valuable to both the outsourcing company and the vendor which provides outsourcing services. In an outsourcing relationship, the vendors enable the outsourcer to reduce operating costs, increase quality of business, put less time and money and get an increment in output. Reasons behind outsourcing are below: 2.3.1 Cost cutting: According toM. Purwar (2010, pp-5) Cost controlling is done by avoiding capital outflow associated with purchase of new and upgrade current systems. These savings can be done in infrastructure, operational cost and other core areas of company. Every single U.S dollar invested in Indian BPO industry can return output of equal 10-13 U.S dollar. Vast pool of skilled employees is ready to work for fewer wages. Call centres salaries are drastically less than western countries wages. 2.3.2 Improve efficiency: Rick.L (2006, pp- 21-23) explained that most of managers spend 80% of their time to manage the processes and sort out things while 20% use for strategy developing. But in outsourcing the situation is quite different. Through outsourcing saved time spend in developing strategies, generate revenue, advertising marketing campaign and focus on customer satisfaction. Business process outsourcing enhances the abilities of employees and increase company efficiency. Such companies are able to arrest new efficiencies and improve processes. Save employees and skilled manpower could use to relocate other projects to increase productivity. 2.3.2 Expertise of Outsourced Units: Because of core functions of outsource company can save from harass of arrange training programs and recruiting expertise. BPOs provide experts opinion and skills at low rate compared to U.S and western companies. The companies who want create brand equity often invest in infrastructure and hunt talent throughout the world. Many outsourcing companies are already facilitating companies in terms of improved efficiencies. 2.3.3 Focus on core competencies: The growing competition among big giants of business world dictates that a successful company must have to maintain competitive edge to win the race. They should have immense process for keeping an eye on core competencies of company. Any company can get better performance of core non functions through outsourcing. Big companies cannot afford to spend valuable time on non-core procedures and transactions which can be handled by outside specialists. Through outsourcing companies can save time and spend that on increase revenues, develop product line and gain customer confidence. Business process outsourcing can give the privilege to the company to focus on core competencies. Because BPO takes the responsibility to back office day to day routine activities. 2.4 ADVANTAGES OF OUTSOURCING: In Eltschinger,Cyrill (2007, pp-2-3) opinion BPO enables you to redefine your business priorities, take on and perform better skills, cost effectiveness and get better result. Below are some advantages of BPO: Outsourcing enables the increased efficiency of non-core functions of business process. It becomes organization more flexible. Outsourcing helps to rationalize business processes. Due to offshore outsourcing organization can save time, money, manpower and training cost. Because of deleting some functions to external sources, organization can more concentrate internal business processes. Outsourcing enables the organization to reduce operational cost. The most beneficial part is that organization save money with respect infrastructure. Business risks may share with use of outsourcing. 2.5 DISADVANTAGES OF OUTSOURCING: The disadvantages of outsourcing are less than advantages of outsourcing but should consider before jump in this industry. Sometimes after outsourcing, company find it difficult to manage the offshore provider as compared to manage within the company. The employees of organization can show lack of interest and produce low quality work. There could be few disadvantages regarding contracts like to renew the contract, misunderstanding of contract and breech of contract. In some scenarios, it is more cost effective to conduct a business process within the company rather than outsource it. Company security and confidential documents can be in danger by outsourcing the services like payroll and tax preparation. Table: Advantages and disadvantages of Offshore 2.6 REASONS BEHIND JOINING BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO): According to M. Purwar (2010, pp-35), BPO is a very fast and growing industry which is attracting youngsters in India and growing at a rate of 40-50% rate since it started in India. In the previous few years there is high makeover in municipal youth and rapid changes the environment they live in. The remarkable growth of call centres in India is shown high graph of socioeconomic and cultural developments. Youngsters of India are ranging from their lifestyle, career, personality and language of the whole culture. No doubt this changing personality growth is leading towards their faster financial goals. They are moving towards their career milestones and attaining goals. Such attitudes compel them to join BPO industry. More reasons are listed below: Higher education is not required to join BPO, so after 12th can join BPO and start earning. Financial independence is an important reason to join BPO. Workers has gateway to better salary packages. There is no need for specific and huge amount of investment unlike other professions. Who wants to enhance their communication skills, its best opportunity for them. Especially young students need to take over their communication drawbacks. When someone is looking for good professional job, is not successful so in this meanwhile can adopt this culture. Employees having better working environment, truly international level of standard. Attractive lifestyle can attain through BPO industry earning. No technical education and skills are required for this field, so less age fellows can also start this job. Indian Government cannot deny this factor that BPO industry is beneficial for Indian youth and thousands of people has got the job due to this. Industry sustained so many people. 2.7 CHALLENGES FACED BY BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) COMPANIES: People working in BPO assume that such jobs do only require little skills. Basic education and good interpersonal skills enables people to join BPO sector. They think high qualification and solid experience is not required for such positions. BPO companies normally hire middle age people. There is no sense of achievement among the employees. Selection of the right service provider is also considerable. When any company look for a BPO service provider, they should mind three key points: a verified track record, technical abilities and how BPO Company adds value to the task to be done. Workers are being demotivated due to high expectations of outsourcing companies. In fact in such companies employers only think about achieve their deadlines. Employers only concentrate on time delivery of work, information security, getting more clients. But still their satisfaction is quite possible in case the expectations are realistic, working environment is according to that region, employees are getting motivation and good company ethics. According to article ‘Challenges of BPO Industry (2009) that knowledge management is important element of the Indian BPO industry that is in front of challenges. Here the question arises that how such challenges cultivate in BPO companies? These challenges arise when required development procedures not being followed by BPO industry. When BPO companies do not offer new training according to changing trends and become stagnant, it is another big challenge. Lack of communication among employees in a different department may lead towards frustration, which often creates hurdle in the way of better production. Without following the proper chain of command, the actual requirement of supplier companies cannot be fulfilled. Motivation is another challenge for BPO industry companies. Employees need continues motivation. When Indian BPO companies would leave to motivate their employees they cannot sustain at top in the BPO industry. Moreover, Company higher authorities should share the goals and vision with employees. Through this employee put best input to the company procedures. It is necessary to stay in this business for a long period of time. Largest worry about BPO industry is attrition. According to analysts attrition rate of Indian BPO industry is about 30%. If the companies will not stop it seriously, they could face deficiency of professionals at high rate. According to the National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM), report the outsourcing industry could face a deficiency of 262,000 professionals by 2012. By using outsourcing many companies can lose their control because it is not easy to manage outsource activities. Employees of company lose their interest in work and trust on executives of company. Security of contracts and some confidential information sharing can create a huge problem for company management. 2.8 INDIAN BPO INDUSTRY: The past five years have seen a big bang in the Indian Business process outsourcing (BPO) industry as almost every American Company has its BPO set in India. Large companies of US are having savings by being a part of this industry. BPO as we know are the Business Process Outsourcing units which function by collecting the data provided by the companys US headquarters, analysing them and sending out the processed output back to the headquarters or to the desired venue as directed by the company. Now, BPO industry tops the list of the profitable sectors in Indian economy. According to India Business directory (2009) the BPO sectors demands are increasing from western countries, multiple reasons like due to the availability of cost-effective labour in India, who are highly skilled and also they are good in English speaking. Indias telecommunication sector gave a lofty boom of BPO industry in 1994. There was 14% registered a growth rate of BPO sector in India during the first 6 months of 2007. During the last five years the growth rate of BPO industry of India was low because of less investment from outside countries, whereas now BPO industry is viewing some optimistic signs with investments from western countries. Mr. Som Mittal, President, NASSCOM (2011)said that Indian IT-BPO industry grew by 19% to reach USD 76 billion in 2011. A strong grow is seen in the domestic market of 16 percent having Rs.789 billion revenues. Direct employment graph is also high and satisfactory which is expected to reach nearly 2.54 million, along with the addition of 240,0 00 employees. According to the same source, 54% growth rate of Indian ITES-BPO recorded during 2003-2006. During the same time period Indian BPO sector created job opportunities for around 74,450 additional personnel. By the year 2009, the ITES- BPO of Indian sector employed around 1.15 million people, along with an expected sale of US$21 to US$24 dollars. (http://indiacurrentaffairs.org/it-bpo-industry-strong-growth-with-focus-on-transformation-and-enhanced-value-proposition/) Questions may raise that why India has been chosen by so many companies to open their outsourcing units. There are many reasons for choosing India. Some of significant factors are tech savvy professionals, cost effectiveness, better competencies; improve business risk management, 24 hours customer support and economies of scale. FE bureaus (2009) explains in his article that the BPO sector in India has been the fastest growing sector, having a growth rate at a compounded annual for over 37% to aggregate revenues of US$14.8 billion in financial year 2009 of US$1.6 billion in financial year 2002. There is huge increment indirect employment for this period from 155,000 to almost 1 million people. It shows India as fastest growing sector. Thus, India has maintained its top position in the global outsourcing market. Whereas it is the time of â€Å"cautious optimism,† the outsourcing industry is a need to sustain its expansion for 2years because its export target is 60 billion USD for FY2012. Whistle all stakeholders are needed to put efforts to deal with the present challenges. 2.9 SWOT ANALYSIS OF INDIAN BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING (BPO) INDUSTRY: 2.9.1 Strengths: Skilled, English language benefit workforce. Affluent talent pool. Well developed IT industry. Ch